Ежегодно 24 марта в нашей стране отмечается День штурманской службы Военно-воздушных сил. Этот праздник появился относительно недавно, в 2000 году, но это не делает его менее значимым, хотя бы потому что первые штурманы в отечественной авиации появились еще в Первую Мировую войну.
Первые штурманы
Штурманы считаются элитой военной авиации и обладают высоким уровнем подготовки, так как требуются для выполнения сложных задач и принятия быстрых решений в экстремальных ситуациях.
День штурманской службы Военно-воздушных сил России был установлен в честь исторического события — учреждения в 1916 году Центральной аэронавигационной станции, которая стала важнейшим вспомогательным подразделением военной авиации. В обязанности станции входило проведение аэрологических наблюдений, заготовка, проверка и установка на самолетах точных приборов, изучение вопросов аэронавигации, разработка методик и нового оборудования.
С появлением первых военных самолетов возникла потребность в отдельном авиаторе, который мог бы помимо управления самолетом заниматься вопросами навигации. В начале Первой мировой войны, когда использование военной авиации стало широко распространенным, стала возрастать потребность в прицельном бомбометании, наведении огня и в воздушной разведке. В то время не было серьезного оборудования на борту, и первым аэронавигаторам приходилось изучать метеосводку, сравнивать свои наблюдения с картами, опознавать ориентиры и иногда просто показывать направление пилоту рукой, так как связь еще не была развита.
Отец авианавигации
После исчезновения Российской империи с карт мира, военная авиация уходит в упадок, а обучение штурманов уходит в прошлое, пока в 1926 году к командованию военной авиации не пришел человек, который снова поставил эту сферу на ноги. Его имя – Борис Стерлигов. Он стал отцом-основателем современной авианавигации. В качестве летчика-наблюдателя он осуществлял перелет между городами и странами, руководствуясь только показаниями компаса. Эти и другие его героические достижения помогли укрепить роль штурманов в авиации.
В 1932 году была введена новая должность штурмана в авиационных частях ВВС и создана иерархическая структура службы. Борис Стерлигов стал флаг-штурманом ВВС и возглавлял эту область работы до конца 1940-х годов. За время работы Стерлигов разработал методику слепых полетов и создал целый ряд специального штурманского оборудования. Однако важнейшим его вкладом стало создание сразу нескольких школ штурманов в СССР.
Роль современных штурманов
В настоящее время штурманы по-прежнему играют важную роль во всех видах военной авиации. Все российские военные самолеты и вертолеты, кроме одноместных моделей, оснащены местом для штурмана. Хотя современные технологии автоматизировали многие функции, которые раньше выполнял штурман, его профессионализм и знания по-прежнему необходимы во многих ситуациях. Он является ключевой фигурой при сборе и анализе информации с приборов, а также в случае чрезвычайных ситуаций, когда требуется принятие решений на основе опыта и знаний. Поэтому профессия штурмана остается востребованной в военной авиации и будет сохранять свое значение еще долгое время.
Как говорится в штурманской среде, не бывает курса «ноль», и пока существует военная авиация, без штурманов не обойтись.
Авиа-паб «Авиатор» выражает огромную благодарность всем штурманам за их профессионализм и преданность службе России! Ваши достижения вносят огромный вклад в развитие Военно-воздушных сил нашей страны, и мы гордимся тем, что являемся частью одной авиационной семьи.
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